An Analysis of English Lexicon in Contemporary Pakistani Punjabi Novels and Short Stories

Abstract

This paper examines the extent and nature of English borrowing in contemporary Pakistani Punjabi short stories and novels, exploring the sociolinguistic motivations behind this phenomenon. The study also assesses how English borrowing impacts the vitality of the Punjabi language, drawing on ethnolinguistic language vitality theory to argue that English borrowing can enhance Punjabi's vitality. The research utilizes qualitative analysis of Punjabi texts, incorporating language contact theory and ethnolinguistic language vitality theory to conte xtualize its findings. The study reveals that borrowing from English occurs across various domains, primarily driven by practical needs and prestige-related reasons. It highlights that English lexical borrowings have become an integral part of contemporary Punjabi literature, with science and technology, education, and transport domains showing higher frequency of borrowings. Additionally, sociolinguistic factors like prestige, necessity, and attitude play significant roles in the borrowing process. Furthermore, the application of ethnolinguistic language vitality theory demonstrates that English borrowing contributes to revitalizing Punjabi, which was previously considered a low-vitality language. This study underscores the importance of language contact and borrowing in language change and revitalization efforts. It provides a valuable reference for linguists, language planners, and educators working towards preserving and promoting Punjabi language and culture.